Abstract

We present a four-dimensional polarization and phase calculus that is similar to the Jones calculus but emphasizes the relation between polarization and phase. We use this calculus to prove that a combined polarization- and phase-diversity scheme requires at least four photodetectors. We also use this calculus to describe the operation principle of a novel balanced polarization and phase hybrid. This hybrid can be used, e.g., for the complete characterization of a polarization controller.

© 1990 Optical Society of America

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