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Effective index model for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

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Abstract

A new effective index optical model is presented for the analysis of lateral waveguiding effects in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. In addition to providing a concise formalism for reducing the dimensionality of the Maxwell equations describing the lasing mode, this model also provides new insights into waveguiding phenomena in vertical-cavity lasers. In particular, it is shown that the effective index responsible for waveguiding is dependent only on lateral changes in the Fabry–Perot resonance frequency. This concept leads naturally to new design methods for these lasers that are expected to result in more efficient devices with superior modal characteristics.

© 1995 Optical Society of America

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