Abstract

Holographic lithography is an ideal technique for fabricating three-dimensional photonic crystals. However, a critical stage in the fabrication is the minute alignment of the layers with one another. We present a simple moirelike alignment technique with better than 20-nm translation resolution and $45‐\mathit{\mu }\mathrm{rad}$ rotation resolution. This technique can easily be extended to other situations when low-cost, high-precision alignment is needed.

© 2002 Optical Society of America

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