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Periodic nanoripples in the surface and subsurface layers in ZnO irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses

X. Jia, T. Q. Jia, Y. Zhang, P. X. Xiong, D. H. Feng, Z. R. Sun, J. R. Qiu, and Z. Z. Xu

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Abstract

We present the formation of periodic ripples in ZnO crystal irradiated by a wavelength-tunable femtosecond laser. The results indicate that in the surface thin layer, the periods change from 0.1λ to λ with laser fluences and pulse numbers, and in the subsurface layer the periods are always λ∕2n, where n is the refractive index. The formation processes and mechanisms are also discussed.

© 2010 Optical Society of America

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